There are nine species of resident small game in North Carolina including, three species of rabbits (Eastern cottontail, Appalachian cottontail, and marsh rabbit), three squirrels (fox, red and gray squirrels) and three birds (quail, grouse and pheasants). Many differences exist between the species including their distributions, abundances, and future conservation challenges. Information about other types of small game species, including woodcock, doves, groundhogs, etc., can be found in other parts of this website.
Habitat changes over the past 40-50 years have presented the greatest challenge to management, and for the most part, have been detrimental to small game. Conservation challenges include urban growth, habitat fragmentation, exotic plants and insects, incompatible farming and forestry practices, and unchecked forest succession. Currently, undisturbed maturing forest conditions are beneficial for most squirrel species. However, habitats are deteriorating for bobwhite quail and grouse which are dependent upon early successional conditions. Remnant populations of pheasants, a non-native gamebird, also continue to decline on the Outer Banks where larger populations once existed.
In situations where habitat is created for these species, small game populations are often quick to respond due to their high reproductive rates and ability to colonize new areas. To address recent declines of these species dependent on early successional habitat, the Wildlife Resource commission has developed programs such as the CURE (Cooperative Upland Habitat Restoration and Enhancement) program.
Many people hunt small game species in North Carolina. Each year approximately 150,000 sportsmen/ sportswomen take more than 1.0 million trips afield in pursuit of resident small game species. Based on a survey of hunters during a recent hunting season, it was estimated that hunters harvested approximately 8,750 grouse, 230,000 quail, 382,500 rabbits, and 482,000 squirrels in North Carolina
North Carolina has long been known for the diversity and numbers of waterfowl which breed or spend the winter in the Tarheel state. It is just as well known for its rich waterfowling traditions as exhibited in its decoy art. Hundreds of miles of coastal marshes, coastal and inland swamps, small ponds and large lakes host a great diversity of waterfowl species.
2011-12 General Restrictions (PDF)
2011-12 Webless Migratory Birds and Early Season Waterfowl(Canada Geese, Dove, Rails, Woodcock, etc..) (PDF)
2011-12 Regular Season Waterfowl Occurring After September 30 (Ducks, Geese, Swan) (PDF)
2011-12 North Carolina Goose Zones Map (PDF)
Waterfowl Additional Information